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Occupational pension
Occupational pension scheme is a business opportunity to manage pension fund assets by establishing employer sponsored private pension funds to provide supplementary benefits for employee.
Source: Program of Policy and Institutional Reform Options to Establish a Supplementary Private Pension System in Mongolia, Final Evaluation Report, Richard P. Hinz, MSTAP Consultant, 2014
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Employer
An entity that employs the insured based on employment agreement, work-for-hire agreement, contract to perform work and/or its equivalent agreement; Equivalent agreement is a mutual agreement made between citizens and legal entities that includes income that is taxed for social insurance, such as work wages, bonuses, salary raises and bonus payments stipulated in the agreement;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Representatives of an employer
Representatives of an employer are the persons authorised by management of business entities or organizations, or an organization, which under its Charter, has undertaken a duty to represent and protect the legal interests of the employer.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Labor, 1999
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Strike
A strike is an action of employees whereby they voluntarily stop work completely or partially for a definite period of time with the purpose of resolving a collective labor dispute;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Labor, 1999
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Unemployed person
Unemployed are working age citizens with full work capabilities who have been unemployed for some time, available for more work and actively looking for job: - "not employed" means persons who didn't work for pay or on an employment contract, didn't earn income from self-employed work or services within last week, as stated in Law on Labour and Civil code; - "available for work" means not refusing to sign an employment contract or a work agreement as stipulated in Law on Labour and Civil code; - "actively seeking a job" means actively looking for a job by registering with government or private employment offices, have information about vacancies at least once, or applied at least once to job vacancies provider or their internet pages, placing job seeking advertisements in posters, and mass media.
Source: Statistical indicators measurement methodology of employment and labour force
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Unemployment Insurance
The mandatory social insurance scheme also provides support in case of loss of employment for formal employees in the private and public sectors.
Source: Law on Unemployment Benefits provided by the Social Insurance Fund, 1994
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Unemployment Insurance Eligibility
The insured person must have a minimum of 24 months of insurable employment including continuous employment in the last 9 months to qualify for unemployment insurance benefits and participation of professional trainings.
Source: Law on Unemployment Benefits provided by the Social Insurance Fund, 1994
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Unemployment rate
Ratio of the number of unemployed to the economically active population, expressed in percentages
Source: Statistical indicators measurement methodology of employment and labour force
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Unemployment allowance
Unemployment allowance is livelihood support money, which is non-refundable, and to be paid from state insurance funds only for those unemployed workers who have paid insurance premium until they have been laid out.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Labour force participation rate
Ratio of the economically active population to the working age population, expressed in percentages.
Source: Statistical indicators measurement methodology of employment and labour force
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Employee
Employee is a person who was employed by employer based on labour contract.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Employee's representatives
Representatives of the employee are trade unions that undertake to represent and protect the interests of employees and if there are no such organization representatives will be selected from meeting of all employees.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Asset
Stocks, resources and assets that are accumulated in the course of the organisational operations in the past, currently owned by the organisation, and would yield in the future.
Source:
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Actuary
A process to manage the insurance company's fund and to compute premium rates according to the probabilities of contingent risks and uncertain losses.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
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Actuarial science
Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in insurance, finance and other industries and professions.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuarial_science
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Actuary
An actuary is a business professional who deals with measurement and management of risk and uncertainty.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuary
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Actuarial calculation
A methodology to compute premium rates according to the probabilities of contingent risks and uncertain losses and this calcuation is the base calculation for life insurance.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
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Forced labour
Forced labour means job duties that are required to be performed by an employee with the view to enforce the labour discipline, to avenge for the participation in a strike, as well as for the expression of own opinion on the political, social and economic regime, with the purpose of discriminating on the basis of social origin, ethnicity, race and religion, or those that are required notwithstanding the danger that arises to the employee’s life and health.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Annuity
An annuity is a series of equal payments at regular intervals.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=annuity
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Annuity rate
A rate that is calculated as dividing the annuity or the payment per year by the total payment that to be paid at once.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Annuity factor
An arrangement to provide an income for a specified number of years, or for the remaining lifetime of an individual, or the remaining lifetime of more than one individual.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Annuity
A series of equal payments (that can be inflation-adjusted) at regular intervals to the pensioners or their designated beneficiries mainly until the time of their death.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Sanitation and hygienic material
Sanitation and hygienic material means necessary materials to ensure daily hygienic needs of persons with disabilities;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Old-age dependancy ratio
The ratio of older persons to working-age population.
Source: NSO, Demographic indicators, 2009
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Permanent employee
Permanent employee are citizens who hold an employment contract which provide permanent workplaces, whose employer pays income tax and social security fees on their behalf, and whose labour relations are subject to Labour law, legislation on Civil servants and other legal acts.
Source: Statistical indicators measurement methodology of employment and labour force
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Permanent job
Permanent job or work place means job duties performed at the workplace defined by employer according to the defined regime with labour tools and work provided by employer and paid under the norms, estimates and schemes and approved under the direction of employer’s representative and performed by working days and shifts.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Full old age pension
Not less than 20 years of contribution to be entitled to a full old age pension.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the fund of social insurance,1994
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Full funding
A pension plan that is funded fully by the premiums from the insured and is in which the market value of plan assets is enough to cover 100% of benefits accrued by the insured up to the current date.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Universal flat benefit
Flat benefits to all citizens above a certain age.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Insurer
A legal entity that builds social insurance fund with the contributions paid by employer and the insured, and other resources provided by law, and administers payments of pensions, benefits and payments to the insured;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Insurance period
Period of insurance coverage
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Early leaver
Citizens who are leaving the occupational pension plan earlier than expected timing without rights to get benefit under the plan rules.
Source: Insurance reform documentations
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Forms of Social Insurance
The social insurance shall have compulsory and voluntary coverage.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Coping strategies
The subset of risk management strategies designed to relieve the impact of risk once a shock has occurred. The main forms of coping with shocks that decrease income consist of individuals using their savings and selling assets, borrowing, or relying on public or private transfers to maintain current consumption.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Reinsurance
Reinsurance means the purchaser of insurance by the insurer from other domestic and foreign insurers that fully or partially covers its obligations.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Insurance, 2004
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Life-Expectancy at Birth
The average number of years a newborn infant would be expected to live if health and living conditions at the time of its birth remained the same throughout its life.
Source: Roland Pressat, edited by Christopher Wilson. 1985, The Dictionary of Demography.Oxford
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Common diseases
Diseases caused by communicable, non-communicable ways as well as from injuries that affects the normal activities of the human body
Source: Health related legal documentations
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Quoted / reference price
Reference price is a price list approved by the State administration agency. Based on this price list, the treatment expense for loss of working capacity caused by working injury and occupational disease will provide to the insured.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pension, Benefit and Payment provided from the fund of social insurance against Employment injury and occupational diseases, 1994
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Reference salary
Insured's wages and labor wage equivalence income which preceding the 1995 if not confirmed by archiving documents, pensionable earnings will be a specially defined occupational reference salary.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Moral hazard
A situation in which insured people do not protect themselves from risk as much as they would have if they were not insured. For example, in the case of old-age risk, people might not save sufficiently for themselves if they expect the public system to come to their aid.
Source: Pensions glossary, The World Bank – Pensions Core Course – March 2014
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Indexation
Increases in benefits by reference to an index, usually of prices, or average earnings
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Pensions reserve fund
A fund that has aim of 1) supporting the monetary needs for maintaining financial stability of the public pension fund, particularly in the time of unpredicted demographical (e.g., population aging), economical and financial risks and also when shifting from defined contribution pension plan to fully funded or under-funded pension plan (i.e., defined benefit pension plan) and 2) financing the mortgage loans
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions Reserve Fund, 2016
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Factor
Pensions shall be adjusted by a factor determined in direct relation to the rate of inflation, and national avarage salary.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Custody
A safekeeping and managing (according to the customer's written instructions) service in which a financial institution holds securities and other financial means of a customer
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Custody
A safekeeping and managing (according to the customer's written instructions) service in which a financial institution holds securities and other financial means of a customer
Source: Law of Mongolia on Securities and Stock Market, 2013
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Herder
Herder is a person who maintains animal husbandary as a livelihood income source.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Occupational disease
Occupational disease means a chronic or acute illness caused by negative industrial factors in the process of performing work duties by the insured, at the result of which the insured lost work ability;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pension, Benefit and Payment provided from the fund of social insurance against Employment injury and occupational diseases, 1994
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Old Population
A population with a relatively high proportion of middle-age and elderly persons, a high median age, and thus a lower growth potential.
Source: Roland Pressat, edited by Christopher Wilson. 1985, The Dictionary of Demography.Oxford
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Social insurance
Social insurance is a social protection activities including the payment of insurance premiums by citizens and legal entities in accordance with the law, the formation of social insurance funds and payment of pensions, benefits and payments, as provided by law to an insured directly in the case of retirement, loss of the ability to work, sickness, unemployment, pregnancy or maternity leave, and to his or her dependents in the case of death;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pension, Benefit and Payment provided from the fund of social insurance against Employment injury and occupational diseases, 1994
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The Insured
A citizen of Mongolia, foreigner or stateless person who is insured and paid social insurance premium to the social insurance fund as provided by law;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Social Insurance Organization
A legal entity to set up the Social Insurance fund by the premiums paid by insured and their employers and to arrange payment of pensions and benefits to the insured.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Social Insurance Registration Number
Every insured person shall have social insurance registration number. The social insurance registration number shall be provided once to the insured.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance
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Social insurance fund
Social insurance fund is the monetary fund furnished from premium paid by the insured and employer or from other sources, for the purpose of providing payment for pension, benefit, payments, expenses and covering the operational and capital costs, and building of risk fund of social insurance authority;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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The total uncommited balance of social insurance fund
The total uncommitted balance of social insurance fund is the sum of the accumulated uncommitted balance of the end the previous year and the balance of that given year of the social insurance fund;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance
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The Integrated Database of Social Insurance fund
The integrated database of social insurance fund is a set of data and software that receives, creates, collects, processes and saves information about premium payments, reception of pensions, benefits and services by the insured or employer, using integrated classification, coding, standards, methodology and documentation;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance
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Social Insurance fund's budget
Social insurance fund’s budget is the budget specified in the Budget Law; As stated in the Budget law, the Social insurance annual budget approved by the Parliament, shall be expended in accordance with the Law on Social Insurance.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Budget, 2011
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Social Insurance fund's balance
Social insurance fund's balance is an excess of revenue over expense of social insurance fund at a reporting period, for a given budget year;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social insurance
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Social Insurance fund's uncommited balance
Social insurance fund’s uncommitted balance is a monetary amount that remains after deducting the risk fund capital from the revenue over expenses of social insurance fund;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social insurance
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Social insurance types
The social insurance consist of the following types: pension insurance, benefits insurance, health insurance, insurance against unemployment injury and occupational diseases, and unemployment insurance. Each type of social insurance shall have a separate cash fund.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Social insurance premium
A payment paid in advance to social insurance fund by citizens, government and employers for the purpose of being insured, in proportion to amounts specified by law;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance
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Social insurance premium payer
A citizen or legal person responsible to pay social insurance premiums in accordance with the law;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Duration of social insurance premium payment
Duration of social insurance premium payment is the total duration of premium payments made by premium payer to the social insurance fund, shown by years, months and days;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance
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Social marketing
Planning and implementation of programs designed to bring about social change using concepts from commercial marketing.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Lump-sums
One-time capital payments to members of an occupational pension scheme designed to provide only capital sums upon the retirement, invalidity or death of a protected person.
Source: Pension reform documentations
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Supplementary pension benefits
Private pension funds apart from the public pension fund who provide its voluntarily insured members with supplementary pension benefits.
Source: Program of Policy and Institutional Reform Options to Establish a Supplementary Private Pension System in Mongolia, Final Evaluation Report, Richard P. Hinz, MSTAP Consultant, 2014
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Supplementary private pension system
The demand for private pensions; (1) compensate for a likely necessary increase in redistribution away from higher earners in the social insurance system to sustain its capacity for poverty alleviation, (2) assist in the management of a more competitive labor market in high value added and high human capital industries and (3) provide early retirement for workers in hazardous or arduous industries who may choose to set aside savings so that they do not need to continue working to the age when benefits will be accessible in the public pension system.
Source: Program of Policy and Institutional Reform Options to Establish a Supplementary Private Pension System in Mongolia, Final Evaluation Report, Richard P. Hinz, MSTAP Consultant, 2014
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Multi-layered pension system
Multipillar designs provide more flexibility than monopillars and are therefore typically better able to address the needs of the main target groups in the population and provide more security against the economic, demographic, and political risks faced by pension systems.The five pillars are: A non-contributory “zero pillar” fiscal conditions permitting, to deal explicitly with the poverty alleviation objective in order to provide all of the elderly with a minimal level of protection. A mandatory “first pillar” with contributions linked to varying degrees to earnings with the objective of replacing some portion of lifetime pre-retirement income. A mandatory “second pillar” that is typically an individual savings account (i.e. defined contribution plan). A voluntary “third-pillar” taking many forms (e.g. individual savings for retirement, disability or death; employer sponsored; defined benefit or defined contribution) but is essentially flexible and discretionary in nature. A non-financial “fourth pillar” which includes access to informal support (such as family support), other formal social programs (such as health care and/or housing), and other individual financial and non-financial assets (such as home ownership and reverse mortgages where available).
Source: The World Bank Pension Conceptual Framework
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Means-tested pension
A benefit that is paid only if the recipient’s income falls below a certain level or based on other criteria used to assess the recipient’s socioeconomic status and needs.
Source: Pensions glossary, The World Bank
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Pension replacement rate
A simple measure of the financial returns to working compares in and out of work incomes directly. This is the 'replacement rate': the ratio of the pension to earnings.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documentations
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Minimum full retirement pension
The minimum full retirement pension shall not be less than 75 percent of the minimum monthly wage fixed by the Government, and the minimum reduced pension shall not be less than 50 percent of the same wage.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the fund of Social Insurance,1994
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Eligibilty for Retirement Pension
The insured person, having paid contributions of pension insurance for not less than 20 years in total shall be eligible for a retirement pension on attainment of 60 years old. Women, having paid contributions of pension insurance for not less than 20 years can be eligible for a retirement pension on attainment of 55 years old, if they wish so.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the fund of Social Insurance, 1994
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Gross replacement rate
The gross replacement rate – the ratio between gross pension entitlement upon retirement and gross pre-retirement earnings – is the most widely used indicator of future pension entitlements. The pension replacement rate measures the level to which a pension (public, private or both) in retirement replaces earnings from working.
Source: OECD, Pensions at a Glance, 2013
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Old age pension
A monthly monetary payment from the social insurance fund provided to the insured that became eligible for old age pensions and paid insurance premiums in accordance with the conditions and procedure provided by the law.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Rate of Retirement Pension
The retirement pension shall be 45 percent of the monthly average insurable wage of the best continuing five years' salary or similar thereto earnings of an insured person.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the Fund of Social Insurance, 1994
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Voluntary insurance contract
The person voluntarily insured for social insurance makes an insurance contract with the insurer of the community where he/she lives.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Additional voluntary contribution
A contribution additional and voluntarily based to the standard amount of contribution paid by an employer
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Financing
Financing the future pension debt in advance, so that to fund the pension plan
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Financing gap
Present value of the current balance estimated in the future
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Adverse selection
A difficulty in distinguishing high-risk individuals from low-risk individuals for an insurance company. As the insurance premiums are set-up based on the average risks, it causes low-risk individuals to cancel their insurance and the premium would be regarded still as high unless the insurance market decays
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Basic minimum pension
Basic minimum pension means a monthly monetary payment provided to the elderly who became eligible for claiming old age pensions from pension insurance fund, for the purpose of providing guaranteed minimum income to such elderly; Amount of the basic minimum pension shall be established by the Government yearly in accordance with the minimum living standards.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Basic minimum pension, 2016 draft
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Payment or expense
Payment or expense is the variable cost of artificial organs and therapy, sanatorium and hydropath services for the insured, or trainings and promotional activities for the employers, insured and public to be provided from the social insurance fund;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Benefit for losing a breadwinner / Survivals benefit
A monthly payment from the Social Insurance Fund to the non-working age dependents of a deceased insured for maintaining social security for the dependents
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Discretionary increase in benefits (or ad hoc base)
Increasing the amount of benefits to insured apart from the increases legislated in the Pension Insurance plans.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Guaranteed minimum pension
The minimum pension is guaranteed by the government to be equivalent to the minimum wage and it can be financed from the state budget
Source: WB, Pension reform primer, 2015
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Defined Contribution Pension Insurance Plan
An individual pension insurance contribution account in which the insured’s pension amount and insurance premium will be registered.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Individual pension insurance contribution accounts, 1999
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Fund of Pensions Insurance
Pensions to be provided to the insured by the Fund of Pensions Insurance shall be of the following types: retirement pension, invalidity pension and survivor's pension.
Source: Law of Mongolia on pensions and benefits provided by the fund of social insurance, 1994
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General government contribution
Contributions by the government in order to finance the cost of goods and services provided by the government to protected persons in the form of means-tested benefits, as well as payments to social security institutions to cover deficits and to support expenditure related to guaranteeing minimum benefit levels.
Source: ILO Social Protection Glossary http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowGlossary.action?lettre=g&glosLang=EN
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Pension insurance contribution account
In calculating return to be credited to individual accounts, the amount of an initial balance and the integrated sum of contributions in that year shall be multiplied by the avarage growth in the last three year avarage wages.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Individual pension insurance contribution accounts, 1999
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Implicit pension debt (net)
The amount of fund needed to be resourced from the state apart from the pensions reserve fund in order to cover the cost for pensions fully
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Pension spending
Total spending on pension benefits at the national level. Usually defined as spending on old-age retirement, survivor, death, and invalidity-disability benefits including both contribution based and non-contributory pension schemes.
Source: Pension glossary, WB
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Marginal pension
The difference in the accumulated amounts of benefits supposed to receive at same age cohort.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Full retirement age / Normal retirement age
The age when a person becomes eligible to receive full Social Security retirement benefits.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Fully funded
Financing the future pension cost in advance by contributions from the insured and investing profits of the pension fund
Source: Mongolian Pension Policy Reform Options for the Pension Insurance Fund, 2014, Nasir A Whaind, Associate, Society of Actuaries (USA) Consulting Actuary
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Under-funded
Financing the future pension cost partially both by the contributions from the insured and from the state budget
Source: Mongolian Pension Policy Reform Options for the Pension Insurance Fund, 2014, Nasir A Whaind, Associate, Society of Actuaries (USA) Consulting Actuary
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Pay-as-you-go
Pay-as-you-go basis of financing means current year benefit costs being funded from current year contribution collections.
Source: Mongolian Pension Policy Reform Options for the Pension Insurance Fund, 2014, Nasir A Whaind, Associate, Society of Actuaries (USA) Consulting Actuary
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System maturation
The process by which a pension system moves from being immature, with young workers contributing to the system, but with few benefits being paid out since the initial elderly have not contributed and thus are not eligible for benefits, to being mature, with the proportion of elderly receiving pensions relatively equivalent to their proportion of the population.
Source: Pension glossary, WB
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System dependency ratio
The ratio of persons receiving pensions from a certain pension scheme divided by the number of workers contributing to the same scheme in the same period.
Source: Pension glossary, WB
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Core parameters of a pension plan
Contribution rate, the indexation rate of pensions, and the age of retirement are regarded as the core parameters of any pension plan.
Source: WB, Pension reform primer, 2015
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The right to choose pensions
There shall be no duplication of a pension or benefit payable to an insured person from the same branch fund of social insurance. In the occurrence of duplication, the insured person has the right to choose one of them.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Pension coverage rate (active)
The number of workers actively contributing to a publicly mandated contributory or retirement scheme during a particular period, divided by the estimated potential number of workers that could or are mandated to contribute, e.g., the labor force or the working-age population. The same term can be applied to coverage under occupational plans as well.
Source: Pension glossary, WB
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Pension coverage rate (passive)
The number of beneficiaries in receipt of old age pension beneficiaries divided by the estimated potential number of individuals above the eligibility age.
Source: Pension glossary, WB
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Accrued pension benefits
Total amount of pension benefits earned by an employee before the time of the retirement and it is accrued based on either current wage or future increase in the wage
Source: Robert Holzmann and Richard Hinz, Old Age Income Support in the 21st Century, The World Bank, 2006.
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Pension Indexation
Pensions to be provided under individual accounts shall be adjusted by an index determined in direct relation to the inflation rate. The pension adjustment index and the procedure for its application shall be determined by the National Statistical Office based on the suggestion of the Social Insurance National Council.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Individual pension insurance contribution accounts, 1999
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State Policy on Pension reform
The purpose of the State Policy on Pension Reform is to create framework for the government, employers and individuals to be jointly responsible for increased pension cost due to the change of population’s age structure and increased life expectancy based on their financial capacity and provide decent pension for elders enough to afford their livelihood.
Source: Mongolian pension reform policy, 2015-2030
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Pension
Pension is the monetary amount to be provided monthly from the social insurance fund to the insured who reached official pensioner’s age for rest of his/her life, or until regaining his/her ability of work or reaching pensioner’s age when he or she became disabled, and to his or her family members who were dependent on him/her when the insured is deceased;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance
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Pensioner
Pensioner is a citizen who receives pension from the Social insurance fund upon meeting requirements and conditions of applicable laws;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance
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Pensionable earnings
The portion of remuneration on which pension benefits and contributions are calculated. Based on the recommendations made by the National Social Insurance Council in consideration with the national average salary, the Government shall determine the maximum amount for salaries and similar income to impose the pension insurance contributions annually.
Source: Mongolian pension reform policy, 2015-2030
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Average effective retirement age
The actual average retirement age in a population, taking into account early retirement and special regimes.
Source: Social insurance related laws and other legal documents
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Average number of expected years in retirement
Calculated based on life expectancy and life tables by gender and age of a population. Life expectancy: a) at birth b) at age 60 c) at age 80 disaggregated by sex
Source: Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge, UNFPA
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Benefit
Benefit is the monetary amount to be provided for duration of certain period of time or once from the social insurance fund directly to the insured in event of temporary loss of work ability, pregnancy, maternity leave and unemployment, and to his/her family in the event of his/her death in accordance with terms and conditions of law;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Fund of Benefits Insurance
Benefits to be provided to the insured by the Fund of Benefits Insurance shall be of the following types: sickness benefit, maternity benefit and funeral grant.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the Fund of Social Insurance,1994
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Management Information System
Includes all the databases kept by the various program units in the performance of their functions registry of beneficiaries, payments, and so on.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Cost for prevention activities
Monetary assets of the Occupational Accident and Diseases Pension Fund spent for organising trainings, seminars, and/or advocacy activities with aim of preventing from occupational accident and diseases
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Prevention Strategy
Subset of risk management strategies implemented by individuals or households before a risk event occurs to lessen the likelihood of an occurrence.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Shocking events
Events such as having sudden illness or diseases, losing jobs, etc., that occurred suddenly and affect livelihood of individuals or families negatively
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Intra-generational distribution
Income distribution among the population of same age-cohort
Source: WB, Pension reform primer, 2015
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Inter-generational distribution
Income distribution among the population of different age-cohort
Source: WB, Pension reform primer, 2015
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Industrial accident
Industrial accident is being injured due to adverse effects of employment and similar thereto factors in the prosecution of duties.
Source: Law on Pension, benefit, and payment provided by the Fund of Social Insurance against Employmant injury and occupational disease, 1994
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Notional (or nonfinancial) accounts
Pension contributions are tracked in accounts which earn a rate of return. However, in notional accounts, the return that contriibutions earn is a notional one,set by the government, not the product of investment returns in the market.
Source: World bank Pension reform Primer, 2015
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Nonfinancial interest rate for contributions deposited in individual accounts
Every year, Social Insurance National Council makes the decision that interest rate for the contributions deposited in an individual's account to be calculated based on the average wage of last 3 years
Source: World bank Pension reform Primer, 2015
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Nonfinancial interest rate for contributions deposited in individual accounts
The amount of interest per year on an individual (insured)'s account for contributions. This amount better to be defined in order to maintain stability of disrtibution system rather than savings system (in case appropriate, could be based on the growth rate of contributions)
Source: World bank Pension reform Primer, 2015
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Deferred annuity
Pension benefits that is postponed to be given in the future after certain period of time
Source: World bank Pension reform Primer, 2015
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Individual Labour Dispute
Individual labour dispute is a disagreement arising between the parties to a labour contract, concerning the right to work and related legal interests.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Labour contract
Labour contract is a mutual agreement between an employee and an employer under which an employee undertakes to perform certain work in conforming with the internal labour regulations and regulations established by the employer in accordance with the law, and the employer undertakes to pay to the employee remuneration according to the employee's work results and to ensure the working conditions provided in law, collective contracts and agreements.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Labour / working condition
It is a workplace and industrial process condition that has targeted or wholesome impact on the employee’s labour capacity and health.
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Labor wage
Labor wage is the basic wage provided by the employer to the insured working on employment contract, and any additional wages dependent on performance results, any additional salary calculated from the basic wage for combining the main duties with other profession, work and position, filling in for an absent employee, performing duties not specified in the job description, and working at night hours or overtime, and other salary raises awarded for higher professional level, labor conditions and other reasons, salary and wages provided from the government as specified in the Public Service Law, wages agreed by the contract to perfrom work, to work for wages and any other equivalent agreement, and income reported by the insured;
Source: The Supreme Court explanation
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Minimum wage
A minimum wage or salary is a common lower limit of the basic salary set on by authority comply with law to protect legal interest of employees who is working based on labour contract and doing hired labour which is simple and not required special education and profession;
Source: Glossary of Labour Terminology, 2015,
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Labor wage equivalent income
Labor wage equivalent income is an income regularly provided by the employer in addition to the labor wages as specified in the Law on Social Insurance;
Source: The Supreme Court explanation
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Loss of work ability
A full or partially loss of human body functions due to physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Benefit for loss of work ability
Monetary benefit to be paid every month to the insured who has lost work ability until the time of rehabilitated or reaching the retirement age.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Full loss of work ability
A loss of work ability is 70 percent or more
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Temporary loss of work ability
Temporary loss of work ability due to ordinary disease or working injury or occupational disease could rehabilitate within 182 days in normal activities.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Benefit for temporary loss of work ability
Monetary benefit from the Social Insurance Fund to insured for temporary loss of work ability due to ordinary diseases, or working injury.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Partially loss of work ability
A loss of work ability is from 50 to 70 percent.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Self-employed
Self-employed workers are persons who are the sole owners, or joint owners of their business and independently running their businesses, solely responsible for decisions influencing activities of their business entities.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Labor Support, 2011
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Private pension insurance
When an insured's income is beyond the upper limit for the income level, from which the contribution for pension insurance to be made, the insured can have an additional private pension insurance on voluntary base
Source: Mongolian pension reform policy, 2015-2030
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Partial pension (Reduced Pension)
At least 10–19 years of contribution for partial pension, for both voluntary and mandatory schemes.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the Fund of Social Insurance,1994
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Savings fund / Accumulation fund
Accumulation fund is a reserve fund to increase the Social insurance funds and pension insurance contribution account revenue.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Acute toxicity
Acute toxicity is being under toxic effects of radiation or chemicals in the prosecution of employment duties. Acute toxicity is treated as an employment injury.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Benefits provided by the Fund of Social Insurance against Employment injury and Occupational diseases, 1994
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Wage / Salary
All employees and public servants who are receiving salary for employing for the Government.
Source: The Supreme Court explanation
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Valorization of earnings
A method of revaluing past earnings during the reference period for benefit determination under a defined-benefit scheme. Reference earnings are adjusted using a factor such as average covered wage growth in order to compensate for changes in earnings over the reference period.
Source: Pension glossary, WB
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Defined benefit
A defined benefit pension system is one of where the pension amount is usually determined in relation to the years of contribution and level of earnings of the retiring member.
Source: Nasir A Whaind, 2014
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Transition costs
Costs of financing the benefits owed to retirees under a previous pension scheme while shifting to a prefunded scheme thereby not receiving contributions for current workers as well remitting contributions for workers to pre-fund future obligations.
Source: Pension glossary, WB
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Contribution ceiling
The minimum and/or maximum amount of individual wages that is subject to insurance contributions to a system. Range of pensionable income / earnings: between minimum wage and ten times minimum wage.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance,1994
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Contribution period
In determining the total contribution period, other periods prescribed in the Law as crediting shall be added up to the estimation of the whole period where employer and the insured person paid contributions of pension and benefits insurance.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance,1994
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Noncontributory pensions (or social pension)
Benefits paid to the elderly from tax financed (rather than contribution-financed) sources and without regard to past participation in the labor market.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Defined contribution system
The contribution to be paid in a defined-contribution (pension) scheme. A scheme under which contributions are paid to an individual account for each scheme member. The benefit depends on the account balance at the date of benefit withdrawal, i.e. on the amounts contributed, the interest earned and accumulated in the account as well as the administrative costs to be deducted.
Source: World bank Pension reform Primer, 2015
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Nonfinancial (or notional) defined-contribution plan
A pension plan that has a benefit formula that mimics the structure of (funded) defined-contribution plans but remains unfunded (except for a potential reserve fund).
Source: Pension glossary, WB
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Defined contribution pension plan
A pension plan in which the periodic contribution is prescribed and the benefit depends on the contribution plus a return. Such a return may be the investment return on the individual’s accumulated funds, a declared rate of interest or a rate tied to a defined index.
Source: World bank Pension reform Primer, 2015
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Solidarity principle
Solidarity principle is a financing the pension cost using Pay-as-you go basis. Pay-as-you-go basis of financing means current year benefit costs being funded from current year contribution collections.
Source: Nasir A Whaind, 2014
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Economically usually active population
Economically usually active population refers to work age population who are unemployed or employed by their primary activity for the prolonged period of time, i.e twelve months.
Source: Statistical indicators measurement methodology of employment and labour force, 2009
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Mitigation strategies
Risk management strategies implemented by individuals or households before a risk event occurs aimed at reducing the impact of a future risky event. For example, households may contribute to informal or formal insurance mechanisms that will help cover the cost of losses in the event of drought or flood.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Risk management strategies
Strategies introduced by individuals, households, or communities dealing with risks that may temporarily or permanently affect their well-being. Ex ante strategies look to avoid the risk’s occurrence (prevention strategies) or, if this is not possible, to reduce its impact (mitigation strategies). Ex post strategies are aimed at dealing with the shock once it occurs (coping strategies).
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Risk fund
Risk fund is a monetary amount reserved from social insurance fund for the purpose of financing costs that may arise in the event of unexpected expenses of social insurance fund, as the result of financial and economic difficulties or force majeure;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance
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Early retirement
High risk and dangerous occupations should be targeted by including a flexible retirement age in a supplemental system that allows workers to make voluntary individual arrangements to retire before the statutory age of the public pension system. A supplementary pension system that allows individuals to withdraw benefits at an earlier age (perhaps any age after 45 or 50) on an actuarially neutral basis can allow persons in these occupations to make provisions for early retirement and avoid the redistribution that results from special benefit categories in the public system.
Source: Program of Policy and Institutional Reform Options to Establish a Supplementary Private Pension System in Mongolia, Final Evaluation Report, Richard P. Hinz, MSTAP Consultant, 2014
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Compulsary health insurance
Compulsary health insurance is based on solidarity principle whereby the health related financial risks are shared by the wealthy on behalf of poor, by the young on behalf of the elderly, by the healthy on behalf of the sick;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions
External assessment and evaluation of the structure, organization, operations, and medical services provided by the healthcare institutions
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Health insurance
Health insurance is a socio-economic measure meaning the payment of insurance premiums by citizens, state and economic entities and organizations according to the appropriate procedure, and also prior forming of an insurance fund, and payment from it the cost of treatment and services related to the hospitalization of the insured.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Health Insured person
An individual who regularly pays contributions to health insurance by virtue of law or on the basis of contract for safeguarding his/or her health and reimbursement of expenses for possible health risks;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Health Insurance Organization
Health insurance organization shall be a purchaser of quality health care services that meets the demands and needs of the insured.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Health insurance contract
A contract concluded by insurer with an insured person and health institution;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Health Insurance Fund
A fund consisting of insurance premiums and other sources paid by state, citizen and entities to share the financial risk of insured health;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Family and Soum Health Centre healthcare services covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Some rehabilitation services, home assistance, diagnosis, daycare treatment, and testing services provided to insured Family and Soum patients
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Rehabilitation services covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Long-term care and services provided to the insured in order to improve quality of life and overcome the consequences caused by diseases, and other factors that affect the functions of the human body.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Screening, early detection, diagnosis and prevention services covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Screening, early detection, diagnosis, and prevention services provided within expected time based on the insured patients' age, gender, and health risks
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Outpatient services covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Outpatient services such as internal medicine, childrens' care, OB/GYN, surgery, dentist, neurology, medical assistance and services during an injury or emergency
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Hospice care covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Supportive care that focuses on comfort and quality of life to people in the final phase of a terminal illness or chronic disease
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Diagnostic and examination services covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Diagnosing the insured's disease using diagnostic tools, equipments, laboratory reagents and chemicals
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Daycare medical services and care covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Surgical and non-surgical medical care and hospital services provided to the insured during the daytime without hospitilization
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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High-cost medical services and equipment covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Surgical equipment used in surgical medical care to treat and support the function and activities of the patients' body.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Orthopedic tools and equipment used for rehabilitation covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Discounted fee for mechanic equipment used for rehabilitation care in order to support the structure and function of patients' extremities
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Prosthetic equipment for rehabilitation care covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Discounted fee for tissue and organ replacement as well as prosthetic devices used to fix defects of the body
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Traditional medicine care covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Traditional medicine care for diagnosis and evidence-based health care services
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Chemotherapy covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Chemotherapy services aimed to inhibit and slow down cancer cell division using ionizing radiation
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Daytime chemotherapy covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Chemotherapy services for the insured patients aimed at inhibiting cancer cell growth, destroying the cancer cells, preventing from spreading to other parts of the body
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Cancer hospice care covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Cancer hospice care that focuses on giving comfort and nursing services to patients in the final stages of the cancer
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Inpatient services covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Inpatient services such as internal medicine, childrens' care, OB/GYN, orthodontics, neurology and medical assistance and services during an injury or emergency
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Benefit package
The package of health services that members of the insurance scheme are intitled to.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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The right to transfer Healthcare Insurance Fund for medical expenses
The right to transfer medical expenses with the approval of the family member up to one time per year if the medical expenses of that year exceed the limit
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Diagnosis-related groups
A system to classify hospital cases into groups of similar medical interventions expected to have similar hospital resource use for payment purposes.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Method of payment
A type of medical expense payments covered by the Health Insurance Fund
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Discounted rates for prescription drugs from the Health Insurance Fund
Discounted rates for the insured patient for the drugs prescribed by the family health centre, soum/bag doctors
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Single-purchaser system
Create conditions for phased transitioning into a single-purchaser system through step-by-step integration of the health care service covered by the government budget into the health insurance package and accordingly shift the relevant government funds into the health insurance fund.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Health Insurance Smart Card
Smart card used as a proof of medical insurance, to be provided medical services and for payment purposes for the healthcare institution
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Health insurance contribution
A compulsary advance payment regularly made to the Health insurance fund by individuals, also employers on behalf of their employees for coverage by health insurance;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Catastrophic expenditures
Paying more than 40% of household income directly on health care after basic needs have been met.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Social health insurance
Usually a compulsary health insurance scheme, in which citizens pay the same proportion of their income as a contribution, based on the solidarity principle, whereby health-related financial risks are shared by the wealthy on behalf of the poor, by the young on behalf of the elderly, and by the healthy on behalf of the sick.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Total health expenditure
The sum of expenditures on health from various sources such as the government budget, health insurance fund, out-of-pocket payments and private sector as well as operational and investment costs of the health system.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Family health insurance plans
A plan that allows payment-transfer from one member (who is an insured for social insurance) of same household to another member (also, an insured) if the payment per year to that member (employer, self-employee, herdsman, foreigner, stateless person, students in colleges, universities, and vocational institutes, unemployed person) exceeds the high limit of the year, upon the agreement of the other member
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Supplementary health insurance
An optional scheme that assumes responsibility for health expenses not covered by social security schemes. Supplementary health insurance is organized at private initiative, most often by a mutual organization or insurance company.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Fee waivers for health
Waivers granted to individuals based on their personal characteristics (such as poverty), relieving them of the need to pay for health services for which charges usually apply.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Healthcare Institutions
Tender-selected accredited healthcare institutions and pharmacies under a contract with health insurance provider
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health Insurance, 2015
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Purchasing of services
Function of paying for insurance-covered health care services provided to the insured.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Universal health coverage
All people have access to good quality of services needed without facing catastrophic financial expences.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Co-payment
A proportion of total billed costs of services paid at the time of service by insured patients, mainly used as a cost-control measure.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Out-of-pocket payment
Fee paid by the consumer of health services directly to the provider at the time of delivery.
Source: ILO Social protection glossary http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowGlossary.action?glosLang=EN
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Access to health service
Ability to utilize available health services without any significant barriers or obstacles.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Health equity
Each citizen of Mongolia who enrolled in the health insurance scheme will has an equal rigth to receive quality health care services whenever needed without any discrimination.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Financial protection
Each citizen of Mongolia to enroll in the health insurance scheme and to receive quality health care services whenever needed without facing financial difficulties.
Source: Long term strategy for the development of the health insurance of Mongolia, 2013-2022
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Allowances and concessions for honored elderly
Allowances and concessions for honored elderly and extra benefits for the state and labour heros and with National Titles, State prize, honored, and state honored worker (udarnik) and elders with folksy and honoured titles.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Security of Senior Citizen, 2005
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Sanitorium
Nursing sanatorium built for the comfort and relaxation of patients around natural mineral water, healing mud and resources
Source: MNS 4958-2000, National Standard of Mongolia
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Livelihood Support Council
Livelihood support council shall operate at soum and khoroo with the function to make decision whether to enter into the coverage of social welfare activities the individuals other than stated in the subparagraph 3.1.2 and 3.1.5 of this law, and recieve complaints in connection with welfare activities and solve them. The composition of the Council shall be nominated by Governor of the respective soum and khoroo and approved by the Presidium of the People’s Representatives Meeting and General meetings of citizens of the respective soum and khoroo.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Nursing facility
Nursing facility means facilities used for maintaining health condition of someone who is under nursing care, and easing the workload of a person who is nursing, and ensuring safety and prevention;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Allowance for care taking
Allowance for care taking shall be provided for the following citizens specified in the related laws: A citizen who adopted or took legal guardianship of full orphan child whose both parents are not determined legally or were died or missed, or have no legal capacity, or whose parental rights are limited or terminated by a court decision; A citizen providing family care, to a child victim of physihological and physical violence, who is in need for protection; A citizen taking care of single elders and disabled person in their family, who has no children or relatives to take care of him/her; A citizen taking care of elders, disabled child, or disabled person under medical control, requiring permanent care and such.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012 and Law of Mongolia on Family, 1999
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Care givers
Care givers will take care of the following individuals: a double orphan child under 14, a child whose both parents have no legal capacity, or whose parental rights are limited or terminated by a court decision, both parents are in hospital ;
Source: Law of Mongolia on Family, 1999
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Individuals under someone's care
Individuals under someone's care are following: A single elder, identified as incapable living independently, with no child to support, or with a child who became incapable of care taking due to disability or old age, an elder who are not able to benefit from community based welfare services; A single disabled citizen incapable to live independently, with no child to support, and requiring professional service and special conditions; A child in difficult situation, and a disabled child under 18 requiring permanent care.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Assisstance and allowance for senior citizen
Senior citizen specified by the law maybe provided certain allowance and assisstance.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Security of Senior citizen, 2005
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Honoring Senior Citizen
1. Business entities and organizations shall show their respect for senior citizens, who worked for this entity and organization, and grant them gifts or souvenirs on the occation of first day of Tsagaan sar, i.e. of the Lunar New Year, and other celebrated days. 2. On the occation of first day of Tsagaan sar, i.e. of the Lunar New Year, greetings and gifts shall be handed by the Governor of aimag (province), capital city, soum, district, bagh and khoroo to the most senior citizen of respective area; and by the President of Mongolia - to senior citizen who reached 100 and more years. 3. Local administration, social welfare organizations and organizations of senior citizens shall recieve and show their respect for senior citizens without relevant organizations or business entities due to migration, or they have been currently dismantled, on the occation of first day of Tsagaan sar, i.e. of the Lunar New Year, and other celebrated days.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Security of Senior Citizen, 2005
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Fund of Seniors
In order to conduct activities specified in Article 8.4 of this law the "Fund for Seniors " shall be allocated from savings in expenditure of the budget organizations and from balance profit of business entities or organizations; and be in monetary form and be equal up to 3 percent of total salary fund.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Security of Senior Citizen, 2005
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A citizen in need for permanent care
An individual have no capacity to carry out every-day routine life independently or without other's help, or individual with mental development disorder or with serious mental mischief.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Right to live independently
Right to live independently means an opportunity to make independent decision, to choose and to take participation in any issues relating to individual person with disability;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Education support service
The following assistance and support shall be provided within the framework of the Education support service: Concession rate for stationary, text books and school uniform for a child described in paragraph 20.2 of this law if the child is studying preschoolor general educational institution.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Full orphan / A double orphan
A child up to 18 years old whose both parents are not determined legally or were died or missed, or have no legal capacity, or whose parental rights are limitted or terminated by a court decision (for the period of effectiveness of such decision),or a child whose a single mother was died while living with her due to his/her natural father could not be legally determined, or a child whose guardian ( a father/mother taken in the guardianship) was died.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Homeless
A homeless person/family is an individual/family without permenant housing who may live on the streets, or place not designed for used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings, including a abandoned building or underground sewage, or stairwell, or an any other unstable or non-permanent situation.
Source: Legal documentations on Social welfare and other related issues
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Strengths-based approach
A shift from the protective ethos to one where professionals are challenged to work within a framework that recognizes a client’s individual strengths.
Source: Manual for contracting, managing, delivering and monitoring CBSWS in Mongolia, 2015
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Sign-language interpreter
A person who interprets to the persons with hearing and speaking disabilities using sign language.
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Allowance for pregnant women and mothers with infants
The allowance for pregnant women and mothers with infants shall be provided monthly starting from the 5th month of pregnancy for 12 months.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social welfare, 2012
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Cost-effectiveness
Estimates the costs in monetary terms required to obtain a change in final outcomes expressed in quantitative nonmonetary terms, for example the cost of lowering the poverty gap by one point. Such analysis is used in lieu of cost-benefit analysis when outcomes cannot be valued well in monetary terms.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Administrative costs
All the costs required to deliver the transfers (and, in some cases, other related services). These activities include the identification of target population receiving and processing applications, dealing with appeals, processing payments, undertaking monitoring and evaluation, and exercising oversight over how program resources are used.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Geographic targeting
With geographic targeting, location determines eligibility for benefits: people who live in the designated areas are all eligible.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Community based targeting
Community-based targeting selects eligible households by the assessment of a selected team of community members and leaders.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Means test
A verified means test is usually regarded as the gold standard of targeting. Means test is a targeting method based on income that seeks to collect comprehensive information on household income and/or wealth and verifies the information collected against independent sources. Eligibilty is linked directly to the current income.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Targeting
The effort to focus resources among those most in need of them.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Administrative costs targeting
Costs to the program of gathering information to help make the decision about who should be admitted. These costs are part of the total administrative costs of the program and include program staff time to determine eligibility and verify reported levels of in come as well as systems for registration procedures and applicant databases.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Targeting errors
When program eligibility is based on imperfect information, program officials or the targeting rules they use may mistakenly identify nonpoor people as poor, and therefore admit them to the program (referred to as an error of inclusion), or do the opposite, that is, mistakenly identify poor people as nonpoor, and thus deny them access to the program (referred to as an error of exclusion).
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Assessing the targeting effectiveness (beneficiary analysis)
Analyses among different deciles of the population, for instance, comparing poorest population with non-poorest population disaggregated by certain background characteristics such as geographical areas, ethnicity, etc., to understand effectiveness of targeting and distribution of certain benefits.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Demographic targeting
A targeting method in which eligibility is based on age. The usual and simple forms of demographic targeting are based on age, with child allowances and social pensions being the most common.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Errors of Exclusion
Errors of exclusion include the influence of self-targeting. This includes both the desirable aspect of the better-off choosing not to participate and the less desirable aspect of the needy being discouraged as well.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Coverage
In the context of social protection, coverage refers to “the population reached by a programme. Coverage rate measures the extent to which programmes reach their target population.”
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Target group
The intended beneficiaries of program benefits.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Inclusion error
The inadvertent inclusion of unintended beneficiaries in a programme recipient pool as the result of a particular targeting practice.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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In-kind benefit
Non-cash benefit in the form of a voucher, commodity or service (e.g., Food Stamps, housing vouchers, Medicaid, school meals, child care services, public education).
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Cash transfer programs
Programs that transfer cash to eligible people or households. Common variants include child allowances, social pensions, needs-based transfers, and conditional cash transfers.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Social Work
Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing.
Source: IFSW General Assembly, July 2014
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Social worker
Social worker must hold a bachelor or higher degree in social work above, be trained through specialized professional training, and hold a required license/permission for conducting social work duties.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social welfare, 2012
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Social worker
Social worker shall mean a professional, personnel or an officer who has functions to provide social services and assisstance in bag, khoroo, school, social welfare, health and other fields.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
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Social work principle
Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work.
Source: IFSW General Assembly, July 2014
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Social Service
Social services help reduce social vulnerability and exclusion, strengthen resilience and capacity to cope with and overcome shocks and strains, and link children, women and families to existing programmes and services. Examples include family-based care, family support services and home-based care. Social services such as health, education, skills, and nutrition contribute to an increase in individuals’ employability and productivity.
Source: Integrated Social Protection Systems - Enhancing Equity for Children. UNICEF Social Protection Strategic Framework, UNICEF, (accessed 14 May 2016).
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Social service gatekeeper
The management of the entry and exit of individuals into and out of the various micro and macro systems, and it has been a starting point for many countries addressing the dependence on and inappropriate use of social services.
Source: Manual for contracting, managing, delivering and monitoring CBSWS in Mongolia, 2015
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Social welfare
Acts providing pension, allowances and special care services by government to citizen with special needs who is in a poor state of health, lacking of family care and incapable of conducting normal life independently or without other's help and to individual-member of household requiring social welfare assistance or care in order to meet his/her minimum needs. The Food and Agriculture Organization defines social safety nets as cash or in-kind transfer programs that seek to reduce poverty by redistributing wealth and/or protect households against income shocks. Social safety nets seek to ensure a minimum level of well-being, a minimum level of nutrition, or help households manage risk (FAO 2003).
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012 and For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Social Welfare Organization
A society’s institutionalized and informal programs, policies, services and benefits designed to address a variety of human needs, enhance social functioning, and strengthen and maintain that society
Source: A legal entity who implements the Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare and other relevant legislation and statutes by providing services to welfare beneficiaries ethically and professionally
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Social welfare beneficiaries database
State administrative agency in charge of social welfare matters shall be responsible for establishment, maintenance and update of unified database of welfare beneficiaries and households specified in related law.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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An citizen-member of household requiring social welfare assistance
An citizen-member of household selected from households which living standard is lower than current poverty line then and that are entered into a central database of households in accordance with methodology jointly approved by National Statistical Office and the State central administrative organization in charge of social welfare matters.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Social welfare fund
Social welfare fund shall be money capital fund and shall have the following types: Pension and allowance and Social service fund.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Social welfare system
Noncontributory transfer programs targeted in some manner to the poor and those vulnerable to poverty and shocks. Safety nets are usually meant to help certain groups in society, such as the poor, those who have suffered specific shocks, those believed to be vulnerable, and so on.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Social welfare insurance
Social welfare benefits shall be provided for the seniors, who are not entitled for an old age pension, orphans', disabled persons and single fathers / mothers, who have 4 or more children.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Social welfare benefit
Social welfare is actions to grant pensions and conditional cash benefits to persons in need and provide social welfare and various care services based on public participation according to the Law on Social Welfare.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Social welfare service
A social policy that aims at ensuring labour market participation of the working age population, defining target groups rationally, and increasing the benefits for the families with specific needs, so that it ensures at least the minimal well-being
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Social welfare program
Types of the social welfare programs are following: social welfare pension, social welfare benefits, assistance, payment, food support programs, and community based welfare services, specialized care services and other different types of services and activities.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social welfare, 2012
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Social development service
Social development services which refer to education support service, health support service, and food and nutrition support service.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Universal, indirect price support for food
Open-ended, untargeted subsidies that aim to lower the price the general population pays for staple foods.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Reassessment
Assessment is an ongoing activity, not a one-time event. It is a process where the social work case manager and client (and, if appropriate, other members of the client system) revisits the needs, assets, and priorities identified in the initial assessment and discuss the client’s emerging concerns. Reassessment serves both monitoring and evaluative functions, enabling the social worker and the client to determine whether services have been effective in helping achieve the client’s goals. Sometimes it is necessary to adjust the case management goals or service plans for/with the client.
Source: Manual for contracting, managing, delivering and monitoring CBSWS in Mongolia, 2015
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Assessment
The process of systemically collecting data about a client’s functioning and monitoring progress on an ongoing basis. Assessment is used to identify and measure specific problem behaviors as well as protective and resilience factors, and to determine whether treatment is necessary.
Source: Manual for contracting, managing, delivering and monitoring CBSWS in Mongolia, 2015
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Conditional cash transfers
Provide money to poor families contingent on them making investments in human capital, such as keeping their children in school or taking them to health centers on a regular basis.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Community based welfare service
Community based welfare service shall have the following types: 1.Organizing training for confidence building, self reliance, working skills talent development; 2. Counseling; 3.Rehabilitation; 4. Temporary accomodation and care; 5. Day care service; 6. Home based care and service; 7. Other social welfare services based on the needs of citizen and households; 8. Support to homeless citizen and her/his family member in socializing, civil registration,and accomodating in a temporary shelter; 9. Socialize citizen and household requiring social welfare assistance, help in forming of a community group, implementing income generation project and provide life skills training.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Community based welfare service
Activities to support and provide service for individuals and households with the participation of individuals, buziness entities, and government and non-government organizations.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Communication Strategy
Communication strategies define objectives, target groups, and messages that will help achieve objectives. A communication strategy is a relatively short, intense effort that precedes and accompanies a specific reform. It goes well beyond the normal outreach efforts that stable programs need to ensure that potential clients are aware of the programs. An effective communication campaign builds awareness of and trust in a reform and neutralizes criticism based on misconceptions. It improves the chances the reform will be completed and increases the chances that future reforms can be carried out.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Evaluation scores to define livelihood living standard
It evaluates household livelihood living standard by regarding coefficients /β1, …βn/ of the variables which evaluated as statistically significant and variables that define livelihood standard. It evaluates defining score of household livelihood living standard for each household where numeral value of the coefficients multiplied by actual value of the regarding variables, and gather total amount of each multiples. It puts into orders the scores of defining household livelihood living standard from poorest to richest. Lowest score means the household livelihood is low and it would be ordered in lower.
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Location
The administrative unit (aimag/capital, soum/district, bag/khoroo) household registered in
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Treshhold
Treshhold is a predetermined cutoff for defining household's eligibility of targeting.
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Scaled average of one member's consumption
Consumption of one member of the household adjusted by the equivalence scale
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Coefficient
Estimated value of explanatory variable utilized in regression model
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Multivariate regression
A statistical technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data consisting of values of a dependent (response) variable and one or more independent (explanatory) variables.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Proxy means test
Proxy means tests generate a score for applicant households based on fairly easy-to-observe household characteristics, such as the location and quality of the household’s dwelling, its ownership of durable goods, its demographic structure, and the education and possibly the occupations of its adult members. Eligibility is determined by comparing the household’s score against a predetermined cutoff.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets Copyright ©2008 by The Internationald Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank
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Household
People who live together in one house with combined budget, and has joint consumption of grocery and household commodity. Household members can be one family, kin, relatives and can be unrelated people. Concept of household is different than the concept of family. One or more than one family can live in one household.
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Proxy means test (PMT) methodology
The objective of the household livelihood determination using PMT methodology is to use variables that can represent household income in situations where there is no data, methods and methodology to directly determine household income and evaluate household livelihood; and based on the outcome, determine the target group in need for social welfare assisstance and create nationwide electronic database of the target groups.
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Integrated household database
Household database consists of data on households and population by arranged in living standards determined by the Methodology of Proxy Means Test jointly approved by the National Statistical Office and the state central administrative body in charge of the social welfare issues.
Source: Government degree 404 on ISDB, 2014
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Decile
One-tenth of an ordered population; for example, the poorest or richest one-tenth of the populatio; deciles result from division into 10 groups.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Constant
One of the indicators utilized in linear regression model and constant value of household consumption cost
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Equivalence scale
Calculation adjusted to the consumption of households who has unlikely number of members
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Minimum quadratic method
Quadratic sum of difference between the actual value of variable indicators and value of evaluation is when the multiplier is at it’s least
Source: Annex 2 of Joint order of National Statistical Office Chairman and Minister of Population Development and Social Protection, No 123/165 of 7th of Nov 2013
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Income gap
Ratio between the average welfare level of the poor and the poverty line among the poor. For example, if the welfare level is measured as per capita consumption, an income gap of 25 percent means that the average per capita consumption of the poor is 25 percent below the poverty line.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Input measures
Measures of the resources (including labour, capital, equipment, etc.) that are put into a process in order to achieve an output of a programme
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Orhans and vulnerable children
Children who are orphans or more exposed to threatening circumstances compared to other children such as HIV-infected, children whose parents are very sick, street children, children who live in institutionalized care, child soldiers, child prostitutes, children with no family care, child workers, etc.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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A mother/father head of family
A single mother/father, who with legitimated children biological or adopted in and out marriage whereas other parent is not determined legally or was died or missed, or has no legal capacity, or whose parental rigths are limited under a court decision (for the period of effectiveness of such decision).
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Family Benefit(s)
Cash transfer for families with children. Family allowances can take various forms, such as means-tested child benefits, birth grants, or universal transfers for all children under a fixed age.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Household socio-economic survey (HSES)
A household-based sample survey, which collects data for evaluating the income and expenditure of households and updating living standards indicators. Data is collected regularly for 12-month of period for analysis and the sample design is representative at province level and takes the seasonilty into consideration
Source: NSO, HSES
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School meal programs
The programs that provide meals free of charge to the children in schools, which can improve children's nutritional health and attentiveness in the class and expand their educational opportunities
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Reasonable accommadation
Reasonable accommadation means necessary equipment, materials, devices, softwares,environments and services to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Fee exemption
Exemption granted to everyone for a defined class of service, for example, vaccination or prenatal care.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Specialized care service
Specialised care service means acts providing accommodation, food, clothes and support for living, psychology, nursing and treatment so to compound the normal living conditions and protect legal interests of children in difficult situations; and elders and disabled, who have no relatives to guard and support, no capacity to live independently, are single or required permanent care and treatment.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social welfare, 2012
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Types of specialized care service
Specialized care service shall have the following types: 1. Specialized care service for elder; 2. Institutional care service for disabled person; 3.Institutional care service for child living in difficult condition, who is aged up to18 years old; 4. Institutional care service for triplets or more.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social welfare, 2012
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Assistive device
Assistive device means devices used for replacing, repairing, protecting and supporting the impairment and functional loss of body and preventing from any injury;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Universal design
The design of products, programs, environments and services to be usable by all people without the need for additional adaptation or specialized design;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Temporary poverty / Transitory poor
Members of this group earn sufficient income in good years but fall into poverty, at least temporarily, as a result of idiosyncratic or covariate shocks ranging from an illness in the household or the loss of a job to drought or macroeconomic crisis. Transient poverty is apparently very substantial.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Chronic poverty
Poverty that endures year after year, usually as a result of long-term structural factors faced by the household, such as low assets or location in a poor area remote from thriving markets and services.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Prevention
Methods or activities that seek to reduce or deter specific or predictable problems, protect the current state of wellbeing, or promote desired outcomes or behaviors
Source: Manual for contracting, managing, delivering and monitoring CBSWS in Mongolia, 2015
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Leakage
In discussions of targeting, the leakage rate is the proportion of those who are reached by the program who are classified as nonpoor (errors of inclusion). In discussions of accountability, the term is often used more broadly to include funds that, through various forms of negligence or malfeasance, are diverted from legitimate (though possibly nonpoor) beneficiaries to other uses.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Impact evaluation survey
Covers a representative sample of program beneficiaries—thetreatment group—as well as a control group that ideally is similar in all respects to the treatment group except that its members are not program beneficiaries. Impact evaluation surveys are not representative of the total population.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Welfare fund expenditure
Pension and allowance fund shall be spent for only social welfare pension and allowance purposes. Social service fund shall be spent to finance the following services and activities: 1. Livlihood support allowance; 2. Community based welfare service; 3. Specialized care service; 4. Social development service; 5. Expenses for experimenting new types of services and providing services for citizens removed from social welfare due to legislative change; 6. Rewards for members of Livelihood support council and social workers of soum and khoroo; 7. Expenditures in connection with training of strengthening the capacity of social workers and retraining, compounding and restoring unified registration and information system; 8. Expenditures in connection with researching, monitoring and evaluation of results of social welfare activities and 9. Expenditures of other services permitted in accordance with relevant legislation.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Source of welfare fund revenue
Welfare fund revenue shall be comprised from the following sources: 1. Capital allocated from state and local budget; 2. Bank deposit interest on fund's capital surplus; 3.Contributions and donations of international institutions and individuals; 4. Donations and aids given by business entities, organizations and individuals; and 5. Other sources.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Community based inclusive development service
To deliver health, education, employment and socio-psychological services in accessible way and with good quality to the persons with disabilities in their community and create an opportunity for them to participate equally into the social life;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Guardian
It shall look after juvenile orphans /children aged 14-18 years/ and young children of parents considered as ful legal incapable or limited capable; restricted and deprived of parental rights; parents are ill for long-term and persons who are in imprisonment and persons who could not able to implement civil rights due to their health and getting old.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Family, 1999
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Person released from prison
Person has been recently released from prison refers as 1. persons expires sentence term by court decision; 2. amnesty and providing forgiveness; 3. court was dismissed a criminal case; 4 person is released on probation prior sentence term or exemption from punishment prior due to illness or replaced a sentence of imprisonment by other types of minor sentences according court decision; 5. persons released from prison according to other legal basis.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Execution of Adjudgement, 2002
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Disability
Disability refers to any restriction or lack of ability (resulting from impairment) to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
Source: WHO, International Clasification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) 2001
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Physical Disability
Physical Disability means abnormality at bone, muscle, or moved joint. This category includes paralytic or incomplete parts of moving body. Unclearly speak because of chipped is also a part of this category.
Source: WHO, ICF 2001
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Deaf
Deaf means both ears –without hearing aidcan not hear a voice or speech in twenty centimeter distant.
Source: WHO, ICF 2001
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Mental disorder
Mental disorders means trouble on skill (sitting, standing, walking, speaking, get dressing, and eat a meal) and usually is taken place since childhood. It includes a decrease of intellectual ability. This situation becomes a handicap in social and worked activities for old ages.
Source: WHO, ICF 2001
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Impairments
Impairments are problems in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss.
Source: WHO, ICF 2001
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Phyche Disturbance
Psyche Disturbance that is described as an abnormality at mental and behavior. Some one who has this kind of disability is often speaking and laughing by her/his selves and their behavior is unpredictable.
Source: WHO, ICF 2001
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Blind
Blind consists of total blind and low vision. Total blind means both eyes can not see at all, and low vision means both eyes unable to calculate hand fingers moving in one meter distant even using eyeglasses.
Source: WHO, ICF 2001
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Speech difficulties
Some one who speaks only word and unclear, stutter, speaks by strange voice and having impairments of speech organs .
Source: WHO, ICF 2001
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Dumb
Dumb means unable to speak at all or the speech could not be understood.
Source: WHO, ICF 2001
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Acquired disability
The limited ability to participate in social relationships because of physical, psychological, mental, or sensory disorder due to domestic or factory accidents, diseases and or vocational diseases.
Source: Concepts and definitions used in Population and Housing census, 2010, NSO
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Difficulty in hearing
Complete loss or limited ability to hear due to a hearing, or speaking organs’ disorder and or diseases.
Source: Concepts and definitions used in Population and Housing census, 2010, NSO
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Mental disorder
Mental disorder is displayed by the changes in thinking, feeling, and understanding and in behaviour. Due to these changes, one’s ability to participate in social relations could be limited due to the external (intellectual disability developed between ages of 0-3 years caused by aftermath of delivery complications) and internal (changes in chromosomes, hormonal changes in the body) factors.
Source: Concepts and definitions used in Population and Housing census, 2010, NSO
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Congenital disability
The limited ability to participate in social relationships due to a physical, psychological, mental, or sensory difficulty caused by a genetic disorder, or pregnancy and delivery complications.
Source: Concepts and definitions used in Population and Housing census, 2010, NSO
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Difficulty in seeing
Loss of vision or limited ability to see due to an eye problem, disorder and or diseases.
Source: Concepts and definitions used in Population and Housing census, 2010, NSO
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Difficulty in moving
Complete loss or limited ability to perform daily normal actions due to inability to move a certain part of the body.
Source: Concepts and definitions used in Population and Housing census, 2010, NSO
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Difficulty in speaking
Complete loss or limited ability to speak due to a speaking organ disorder and or diseases.
Source: Concepts and definitions used in Population and Housing census, 2010, NSO
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Disabled person
A person who has physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Discrimination on the basis of disability
Discrimination on the basis of disability means any deny, restriction or exclusion on the basis of disability which has the purpose or effect of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal basis with others, all human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social and cultural fields, equal access to national wealth, make contribution to a development and opportunity to be provided with reasonable accommodation;
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Negative effect on employment
Acts like decreasing interest in being employed in order to benefit from social programmes or reducing the effort of looking for jobs after participating in social programmes, etc.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Active labour market programs
Programs aimed at increasing the skills, employment, and long-run earning potential of participants through training, apprenticeships, job search assistance, subsidized job placements, and the like.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Comfort care
The medical care that helps and soothes a person who is dying due to untreatable diseases or grave illness with the goal of prevention or relief of suffering as much as possible while respecting the dying person's wishes
Source: Health related legal documentations
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Program evaluation
An external assessment of program effectiveness that uses specialized methods to determine whether a program meets certain standards, to estimate its net results or impact, and/or to identify whether the benefits the program generates outweigh its costs to society.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Guide dog
Guide dogs, (also known as service animals or assistance animals), are assistance dogs trained to lead blind and visually impaired people around obstacles.
Source: Law of Mongolia on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2016
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Honorable Donor
Humane and compassionate member who has donated blood more than 35 times is to be called Honorable Blood Donor
Source: Law of Mongolia on Blood Donor, 2000
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In-kind food transfers
Provide additional resources to households by making food available when they need it most in the form of food rations, supplementary and school feeding programs, or emergency food distribution.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Food insecurity
Lack of access to enough food for an active, healthy life. Chronic food insecurity refers to the persistence of this situation over time, even in the absence of idiosyncratic or covariate shocks.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Adequacy
A program is adequate if it provides sufficient benefits to enough people for long enough. Information on which to judge adequacy is usually provided in positive rather than normative terms—the transfer as a share of income of the recipients, the share of recipients in the population or among the poor, and so on.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Universal Child Money Program
The program is financed through the Human Development Fund, which is accumulated from mineral resource taxes. All children 0–18 years old are eligible for a benefit of MNT20,000 (appproximately US$ 11) per month including children under correctional service and living abroad.
Source: Social protection assessment based national dialogue: Definition and cost of a social protection floor in Mongolia, 2015
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Needs-based programs
Establishing programs/services to address needs that were made evident from an assessment of the community and/or individual.
Source: Manual for contracting, managing, delivering and monitoring CBSWS in Mongolia, 2015
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Needs assessment
A tool used to gain a broader understanding of emerging trends and needs within the community and/or individual.
Source: Manual for contracting, managing, delivering and monitoring CBSWS in Mongolia, 2015
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Reindeer herder
Members of reindeer herding families living in Taiga (ethnic minority of community)
Source:
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Reindeer herding families benefit
Members of reindeer herding families living in Taiga (ethnic minority of community) of the Khuvsgul aimag Tsagaannuur soum, monthly allowance at 50 percent of the minimum subsistence level at Khangai region to a child, at 100 percent to an adult.
Source: Ministerial Order, MPDSP, A/72/2013
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Competency-based assessment
The process of gathering specific information about the client in the assessment that has a focus on strengths, it is used commonly when the strength-based approach is favored.
Source: Manual for contracting, managing, delivering and monitoring CBSWS in Mongolia, 2015
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Equity
Concept of fairness in economics. Equity analysis examines the distribution of benefits across pertinent groups (poor/nonpoor, men/women, rural/urban, and so on). Horizontal equity requires that the same benefits or taxes apply to individuals or households that are equal in all important respects. Vertical equity implies that benefits or taxes are differentiated by ability to pay or need.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Vulnarable groups
Typically including the elderly, orphans, widows, people with disabilities, people with HIV/AIDS, refugees or internally displaced persons, among others. Vulnerable groups face special difficulties in supporting themselves because of some particular aspect of their situation.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Medical Inspection Commission
Disability of children under 16 years old is diagnosed by the Medical Inspection Commission of professional doctors from health organizations;
Source: Health related legal documentations
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Risk and vulnerability analysis
Complements poverty analysis by providing insights into the risks the poor face, as well as the size and characteristics of the population at risk of becoming poor in the event of a shock.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Health support service
The following benefits shall be provided within the ft\ramework of the Health support service: 1. Full or partial payment of health insurance premiums for members of households specified in subparagraph 3.1.2 of this law; 2. Other health services to be provided for social welfare beneficiaries.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012
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Process evaluation
Also known as formative evaluation, implementation research, implementation analysis, or descriptive evaluation. Process evaluation documents, assesses, and explains how a program is being implemented.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Poverty
Poverty is a state of deprivation, or a lack of the usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. Poverty encompasses low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, religious status and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one’s life. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity to determine quality of life.
Source: NSO, Poverty indicators, 2013
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Poverty and social impact analysis
Examination of the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being and welfare of various stakeholder groups, particularly the poor and vulnerable.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Absolute poverty
Absolute poverty refers having an income too low to provide a subsistence level of income.
Source: Poverty indicators measurement methodology, NSO, 2013
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Relative poverty
Relative poverty refers to existing below the living standards of one’s community.
Source: Poverty indicators measurement methodology, NSO
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Poverty gap index
Poverty gap index is indication of the depth of poverty, in that it depends on the distances of the poor below the poverty line.
Source: Poverty indicators measurement methodology, NSO
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Poverty gap
The mean difference between the poverty line and household income divided by the poverty line (the nonpoor have a gap of zero) calculated over the whole population. The income gap multiplied by the headcount equals the poverty gap.
Source: Poverty indicators measurement methodology, NSO
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Poverty severity index
The squared distance from the poverty line.
Source: Poverty indicators measurement methodology, NSO
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Head-count index of poverty
The proportion of indiviguals or households living under poverty line in the total population or households.
Source: Poverty indicators measurement methodology, NSO
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Poverty line
Cutoff points separating the poor from the nonpoor. If a person/household has less than this amount at his/its disposal, the person/household is defined as being poor. There are different (absolute, relative and subjective) approches in estimating the poverty line.
Source: Poverty indicators measurement methodology, NSO
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Quality of life
Key quality of life indicators are following: combating unemployment; encouraging economic regeneration; tackling poverty and social exclution; developing people's skill; improving people's health; improving housing opportunities; tackling community safety; strengthening community involvement; improving management of environment; improving the local environment; improving transport and protecting diversity of nature.
Source: Glossary of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Living standards measurement surveys
Multisubject, integrated surveys that gather data on a number of aspects of living standards to inform policy. The surveys cover spending, household composition, education, health, employment, fertility, nutrition, savings, agricultural activities, and other sources of income.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Senior citizen
Senior citizen are man aged 60 or more and woman aged 55 or more, who are citizen of Mongolia.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Security of Senior citizen, 2005
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Policy
Policy differs from rules or law. While law can compel or prohibit behaviors (e.g. a law requiring the payment of taxes on income) policy merely guides actions toward those that are most likely to achieve a desired outcome. As a process, ‘policy’ can be defined as a long-term matter starting with the issues and moving through objective setting, decision-making to implementation and evaluation.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Policy analysis
Process of researching or analyzing public problems to provide policy makers with specific information about the range of available policy options and advantages and disadvantages of different approaches. However, policy analysis can be divided into two major fields. Analysis of policy is analytical and descriptive – i.e., it attempts to explain policies and their development. Analysis for policy is prescriptive – i.e., it is involved with formulating policies and proposals (e.g., to improve social welfare).
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Grant
A noncompulsory transfer from one government unit or international organization to a second government unit or international organization.
Source: GFSM 2001
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Foreign citizen and stateless person
Foreign citizen and stateless person residing permanently in Mongolia legally, shall be entitled as senior citizen.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Security of Senior Citizen, 2005
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Underground (hidden) economy
The underground economy consists of activities which may be both productive in an economic sense and also quite legal (provided certain standards or regulations are complied with) but which are deliberately concealed from public authorities (e.g. to avoid the payment of taxes and/or social security contributions or to avoid meeting certain standards or administrative requirements).
Source: SNA-93, 6.34
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GDP Gross Domestic Product
The GDP of a country is equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs). GDP is also equal to the sum of the final uses of goods and services (all uses except intermediate consumption) measured in purchasers' prices, less the value of imports of goods and services.
Source: SNA-93, 1.128, 2.173-2.174
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Transparency
Transparency in public administration means that relevant information is made available to the general public in usable form, and that government regulations and decisions are clear and adequately disseminated. Transparency is a prerequisite for genuine accountability and reinforces predictability.
Source: Glossary of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Institution
Institutions are 1. structures and mechanisms of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set of individuals. Institutions include both sustainable organizations and widely accepted rules of behaviour in both the public and private sectors. (Rondinelli, 2007) 2. Organization
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Inflation rate
The percentage increase in the general price level of goods and services compared to the past and it reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money.
Source: NSO
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Mortgage Loan
A loan to finance the purchase of real estate certified and registered in the state database of real estates by the while putting a lien on the property that is being mortgaged.
Source: http://www.glossary.mn/Dictionary
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Case management
The process through which social workers plan, search, and advocate for as well as monitor services from different social service or health care agencies on behalf of a client. Social workers in one or multiple organizations can coordinate their efforts through professional teamwork, thus expanding the range of services offered to any one client. A case management approach limits problems arising from fragmentation of services, staff turnover, and inadequate coordination among providers. Case management can occur within a single large organization, or within a community program that coordinates services among settings
Source: Barker, 2003, p. 58; National Association of Social Workers (NASW), 2012, p.9-10
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Accreditation
An external assessment to identify organization's structure, activity, service technology and service quality.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Health, 2011
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Information transparency
Ensuring transparency for procurement process that acquires/buys goods and services by the public and local communities budget and properties and operational, human resources and financial assets
Source: Law of Mongolia on Information Transparency and Access to Information, 2011
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Database
An organised set of related data that were created, collected, received, processed and stored according to generic methodology, questionare, classification and coding system
Source: Information technology documentations
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Data
A set of values of qualitative and quantitative variables that is measured, collected and processed for a certain purpose
Source: Information technology documentations
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Professionalism
The term professionalism embraces a set of attitudes, skills and behaviours, attributes and values which are expected from those to whom society has extended the privilege of being considered a professional.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Social policy
Guidelines, principles, legislation and activities within a governmental setting for solving social issues with the aim of improving living conditions, meeting needs of public for education, healthcare, housing and social security.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Welfare, 2012 and, Grosh and others
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Social protection
The set of public interventions aimed at supporting the poorer and more vulnerable members of society, as well as helping individuals, families, and communities manage risk. Social protection includes safety nets, social insurance, labor market policies, social funds, and social services.
Source: Social protection assessment based national dialogue: Definition and cost of a social protection floor in Mongolia, UN, ILO and Government of Mongolia, 2015
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Social protection types
- Social insurance retirement benefits - Social insurance allowance benefits - Social welfare - Specialised nursing services - Assistance programs based on public participation - Labour market interventions - Healthcare services - Social development services
Source: Social protection assessment based national dialogue: Definition and cost of a social protection floor in Mongolia, UN, ILO and Government of Mongolia, 2015
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Social security minimum standard
Social security guarantees that ensures at a minimum that all in need to have access to the 9 essential benefits of social protection that are health care services, benefits for losing ability to work temporarily or permanently, becoming unemployed and retired, having occupational diseases and maternity leave, and losing a breadwinner
Source: No. 102, Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952
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Social protection cost
Comprised of social welfare cost, subsidies from the state budget to the Social Insurance Fund, cost for other social aid and assistances from the Human Development Fund
Source: Legal documentations on Social welfare and other related issues
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Social protection floor (SPF)
The social protection floor is a basic set of rights and transfers that enables and empowers all members of a society to access a minimum of goods and services at all times. It promotes income security through a basic set of guarantees: 1. All residents have access to a nationally defined set of affordable essential health-care services; 2. All children enjoy income security through transfers in kind or in cash ensuring access to nutrition, education and care; 3. All those in active age groups who cannot (or should not, in case of pregnancy) earn a sufficient income enjoy a minimum income security through social transfers in cash or in kind, or employment guaranteed schemes ; and 4. All residents in old age have income security at least at a nationally defined minimum level through old-age pensions or transfers in kind.
Source: Social protection assessment based national dialogue: Definition and cost of a social protection floor in Mongolia, UN, ILO and Government of Mongolia, 2015
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Social Protection System
The current social protection system of Mongolia consists of three key elements: social welfare scheme (both targeted and universal); social insurance; and employment promotion services.
Source: Social protection assessment based national dialogue: Definition and cost of a social protection floor in Mongolia, UN, ILO and Government of Mongolia, 2015
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Public works programs (or workfare)
Where income support for the poor is given in the form of wages (in either cash or food) in exchange for work effort. These programs typically provide short-term employment at low wages for unskilled and semiskilled workers on labor-intensive projects such as road construction and maintenance, irrigation infrastructure, reforestation, and soil conservation. Generally seen as a means of providing income support to the poor in critical times rather than as a way of getting the unemployed back into the labor market.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Covariate shock
An uncertain (in realization, timing, or magnitude) event that affects many or all members of a group or community, such as drought, earthquake, or macroeconomic crisis.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Public
Public, adjective, is of pertaining to the people, relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; opposed to private; as, the public treasury, a road or lake. Public, noun is also defined as the people of a nation not affiliated with the government of that nation.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Essential service
Essential services, which refer to geographical and financial access to services such as water and sanitation, adequate nutrition, health, education, and housing;
Source: Social protection assessment based national dialogue: Definition and cost of a social protection floor in Mongolia, UN, ILO and Government of Mongolia, 2015
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Openness
In public service, openness means that holders of public office should be as open as possible about all the decisions and actions that they take. They should give reasons for their decisions and restrict information only when the wider public interest clearly demands. (Pope, 2007)
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Public hearings
Public hearings are a well known mechanism for eliciting the views and concerns of the people on a variety of issues. Public hearings, which are often mandated by law for proposed land use or major project proposals, give experts and the general public a structured opportunity to question public officials. (Schiavo & Sundaram, 2000)
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Accrual basis of accounting
Under the accrual basis of accounting, revenues are reported on the income statement when they are earned and expenses are reported when the expense occurs.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Accounting, 2015
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Public relations (PR)
The deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organisation and its customers.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Local budget
The term “local budget” means the budget approved by aimag, capital city, soum and district Citizen’s Representative Hural and to be collected and disbursed by governor of respective local government.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Budget, 2011
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Orthopaedics
Appliances used for stabilizing, supporting or correcting deformities or functional impairments of the skeletal system. Examples are spinal orthopaedics, foot orthopaedics, ankle-foot orthopaedics, walkers, wheelchairs, canes, etc.
Source: National Rehabilitatopn Centre, http://www.nrc.gov.mn/service/pou
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Funeral Grant
The funeral grant shall be payable to an insured person on death caused by a non-occupational disease or accident, pprovided that he/or she has paid contributions of benefits insurance for not less than #^ months in total.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the Fund of Social Insurance, 1994
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Prostheses
An artificial device made for the purpose of replacing human body's organs and correcting its defects.
Source: National Rehabilitatopn Centre, http://www.nrc.gov.mn/service/pou
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Conflict of interest
This term refers to the situation in which a person has a vested interest in the outcome of a decision, but tries to influence the decision making process as if they did not. In other words, they stand to benefit from a decision if it goes a particular way, but they participate in the decision making process as if they were neutral. In carrying out one’s duties, officials must not allow themselves to be improperly influenced by family, personal or business relationships. While conflicts of interest should be avoided wherever possible, conflicts often happen without anyone being at fault. Public officials are also individuals, and there will be occasions when an officer’s own private interests may come into conflict with their public duty to put the public interest first. Conflicts of interest are not wrong in themselves, but they should be properly identified and declared, and effectively and transparently managed. It is when a conflict of interest has been ignored, improperly acted on, or has influenced actions or decision making, that the conduct (not the conflict itself) could be seen as misconduct, abuse of office or even corruption.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Rehabilitation service
Rehabilitation is a long-term treatment for a patient with any kind of illness, injury, or disease that facilitates the process of recovery starting from the time of the illness until having as normal condition as possible. Rehabilitation medicine is the fied that assesses human's capability, administers treatments to meet highest rehab potential, and prevents lose in capability.
Source: Rehabilitation research, A.Baljinnyam, 2015
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Sustainability
For a social program, the ability to sustain for a long-term to meet its goals
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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System
System is a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming an integrated whole. Most systems share common characteristics, including: . Structure, defined by parts and their composition; . Functioning, which involves inputs, processing and outputs of material, energy or information; . Interconnectivity: the various parts of a system have functional as well as structural relationships between each other.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Non-governmental organizations
The term ‘non-government organization’ (NGO) is broad and ambiguous, as it covers by definition a variety of different entities with different purposes. Generally, however, the term ‘NGO’ has come to be understood as comprising only organizations with a public interest orientation (as opposed, for example, to a trade union or a cooperative, which provides services limited to its members). NGOs are, of course, part of civil society. As usually understood, NGOs possess four defining characteristics: they are voluntary, independent, non-profit, and aim to improve the circumstances of disadvantaged people or address broad public problems, such as environmental protection.
Source: Glossary of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Public service
Public services is a term usually used to mean services provided by government to its citizens, either directly (through the public sector) or by financing private provision of services. The term is associated with a social consensus that certain services should be available to all, regardless of income. Even where public services are neither publicly provided nor publicly financed, for social and political reasons they are usually subject to regulation.
Source: Glossary of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Budget
The budget is a complete set of the assets, revenues, expenses, liabilities, financial commitments, obligations and its related financial activities, actions, inputs and outcomes collecting and allocating under the state power in order to implement government functions and provide required financial sources to carry out them.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Budget, 2011
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Current balance
The amount at a certain time when the total payments to insured and other insurance cost is deducted from the total fund of insurance premiums / contributions and other income
Source:
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Benefit for losing a breadwinner
A monthly payment from the Social Insurance Fund to the non-working age dependents of a deceased insured for maintaining social security for the dependents
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the Fund of Social Insurance, 1994
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Benefit for loosing a breadwinner eligibility
Family dependents (spouse and children below age 16) where an insured person, who has paid contributions for not less than 20 years, or for a period of three years out of five before the death, dies due to a non-occupational disease or accident.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Pensions and Benefits provided by the Fund of Social Insurance, 1994
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State budget
The term “State budget” means the budget approved by the State Great Hural and to be collected and disbursed by the Government
Source: Law of Mongolia on Budget, 2011
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Process
It includes a series of actions or steps which produce a result.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Quality of service
For services, the following quality dimensions influence a customer’s view of quality: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, competence, courtesy, credibility, security, access, communication and understanding the costomer.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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System of National Accounts (SNA)
The System of National Accounts (SNA) consists of a coherent, consistent and integrated set of macroeconomic accounts, balance sheets and tables based on a set of internationally agreed concepts, definitions, classifications and accounting rules.
Source: SNA-93, 1.1
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Evaluation
A process of determining, as systematically and objectively as possible, the relevance, effectiveness and impact of activities, in light of their objectives and to identify any needed administrative or policy changes. While monitoring verifies progress on a daily basis, evaluation questions whether the stated objectives/results are being or have been attained. Evaluation usually takes place at specific milestones.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Multi-disciplinary team
Multi-disciplinary team shall mean an elementary unit that provides responsive services to children at risk, and deals with crimes and offences against children in family and other environment.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
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Child in conflict with the law
Child in conflict with law shall mean a child who is suspected of a crime or an offense, a child who is under investigations, a child who is convicted by the court and sanctioned for committing a crime or an offense, and a child who has been released from special training facilities.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
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Age dependency ratio
The number of dependents (the population below 15 and over 64 years) per 100 working age population.
Source: Glossary on Statistical Terms, 2008, NSO
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Minimum subsistence level
An indicator expreses by value of minimum level of consumption.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Minimum subsistence level of population, 1998
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Aging of Population
A process in which the proportions of adults and elderly increase in a population, while the proportions of children and adolescents decrease. This process results in a rise in the median age of the population. Aging occurs when fertility rates decline while life expectancy remains constant or improves at the older ages.
Source: Glossary on Statistical Terms, 2008, NSO
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Population Projection
Computation of future changes in population numbers, given certain assumptions about future trends in the rates of fertility, mortality, and migration. Demographers often issue low, medium, and high projections of the same population, based on different assumptions of how these rates will change in the future.
Source: Glossary on Statistical Terms, 2008, NSO
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Child rights worker
Child rights worker shall mean a personnel or an officer who has a state inspector power in relation to child rights.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
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Legal committee for child rights
Legal committee for child rights shall mean a local unit which consists of professional members of specialised organizations that provide services to children who have commited crime or offence, or are suspected and/or being investigated therefor, children who are witnesses to or victims of a crime, children who have been convicted or sanctioned.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
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Violence against children
Violence against children shall mean neglect, sexual abuse, corporal punishment and mental abuse that intentioally cause damages to the life, health, development of children and their physics and mentality.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
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Child protection
The child protection shall comprise of multifaceted, comprehensive and specialised activities with the purposes of preventing any form of neglect, abuse, violence and exploitation of a child in all social environments, and providing responsive services.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
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Child protective response services
Child protective response services shall mean activities with stages of identifying children at risk, conducting situation assessment, providing security and assistance, intermediating, and reintegrating the children into social relations and into their families.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
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Minimum level of consumption
Estimated quantity of food and non - food consumer baskets for providing human basic needs described on scientific basis.
Source:
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Monitoring
The systematic collection and analysis of information as a project or program progresses. It is based on targets set and activities planned during the planning phases of work. It helps to keep the work on track, and can let management know when things are going wrong. If done properly, it is an invaluable tool for good management, and it provides a useful base for evaluation. It enables to determine whether the resources available are sufficient and are being well used, whether an organisation’s capacity is sufficient and appropriate and whether it does what it planned to do.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Monitoring system
An essential management tool that regularly supplies information about how well a program is working so that program managers can take action to improve its implementation. Monitoring is a continuous process that takes place throughout a program’s life.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Monitoring indicators
Numerical measurements of program inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes typically expressed as levels (for example, the number of beneficiaries in the program as of a specific date), proportions (for instance, the percentage of beneficiaries paid on time), or ratios (such as the number of sessions held per amount spent). These indicators are tracked by the monitoring system.
Source: For Protection and Promotion: The design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, WB, 2008
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Quality management
In public administration quality management implies somewhat different from quality management in manufacturing where it originated. An excellent public agency is not simply one that has characteristics of an excellent service provider, but also be excellent on the way in which it discharges its political and social responsibilities to its constituency. As a consequence, quality indicators should not only focus on measuring service quality as provided by an individual organization, but also the quality of services provided by the overall system, and the overall quality of life in a specific area. A high quality public administration must not only be able to increase customer satisfaction with public services but also build trust in public administration through transparent processes and accountability and through democratic dialogue. (Bovaird & Löffler, 2009)
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Reform
Reform means beneficial change, or sometimes, more specifically, reversion to a pure original state. Reform is generally distinguished from revolution. The latter means basic or radical change; whereas reform may be no more than fine tuning, or at most redressing serious wrongs without altering the fundamentals of the system. Reform seeks to improve the system as it stands, never to overthrow it wholesale.
Source: Glosarry of Concepts and Terms in Governance, Ts.Davaadulam, 2010
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Economically active population
All people of either sex who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods and services as defined by the United Nations systems of national accounts and balances during a specified time-reference period. According to these systems, the production of economic goods and services includes all production and processing of primary products whether for the market for barter or for own consumption, the production of all other goods and services for the market and, in the case of households that produce such goods and services for the market, the corresponding production for own consumption.
Source: ILO Social Protection Glossary http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowGlossary.action?lettre=e&glosLang=EN
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Medical labour Examination
A medical labor examination is a professional process to establish a reason for losing normal physical ability and for becoming disabled /losing completely or partially working abilities/, the degree and duration of disability.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Medical labor Examination Commission
The medical labor examination commission shall determine the whether the working disability is due to the normal disease, general injuries, industrial accidents or occupational diseases and the degree and duration of disability.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Social Insurance, 1994
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Child at risk
Child at risk shall mean a child whose life, health, security and normal development environment is broken, or a child who does not have a guardian, custodian or an authorised representative, or a child who is in catastrophic or emergency condition.
Source: Law of Mongolia on Child Protection, 2016
